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单词 Witwatersrand System
释义

Witwatersrand System

中文百科

威特沃特斯兰德 Witwatersrand

（重定向自Witwatersrand System）

威特沃特斯兰德（Witwatersrand）是南非豪登省和西北省的一座低矮山脉的名称，也是该山脉附近以约翰内斯堡为中心的兰德金矿产区的统称。简称为“兰德”（Rand）。南非货币兰特亦得名于此。

“威特沃特斯兰德”一词来自阿非利堪斯语，意为“白水分水岭”。该地区原属德兰士瓦共和国，在1884年首次发现金矿。其黄金储量占世界黄金总储量的40%。第二次布尔战争后，威特沃特斯兰德地区作为德兰士瓦共和国的领土被英国吞并。1910年南非联邦成立之后属德兰士瓦省。南非取消种族隔离后分属西北省和比勒陀利亚-威特沃特斯兰德-弗里尼欣省（该省后改名为豪登省）。

英语百科

Witwatersrand 威特沃特斯兰德

（重定向自Witwatersrand System）
A diagrammatic north-south cross section through the Witwatersrand ridge/plateau, below the Johannesburg city center. Only the major subgroups of rocks are shown, each of which is made up of many separate layers of varying composition. The harder layers form the hills, and the softer layers the valleys. The oldest rocks of the Witwatersrand Supergroup form the Orange Grove Quartzite layer. This forms the scarp in the north, from which the Witwatersrand derives its name. The granite to the north of the Orange Grove Quartzite scarp is around 3200 million years old, and is an exposed portion of the underlying Kaapvaal Craton on which a large portion of South Africa rests. (See illustration below.) To place this diagram into its broader context, see the diagrammatic geological cross section through the Vredefort crater at the end of the article below.
A diagrammatic representation of the position and size of the Kaapvaal Craton, outlined in red, in relation to present-day Southern Africa. The blue area depicts the portion of the craton that subsided below the “Witwatersrand Sea”, about 3000 million years ago. It is in this sea that the sediments accumulated that would ultimately form the “West Rand Group” portion of the “Witwatersrand Supergroup” of rocks. The younger “Central Rand Group” of rocks accumulated on the low, flat coastal plain after the Witwatersrand Sea had retreated southwards as a result of uplifting of the craton, especially in the north. CT indicates Cape Town, D Durban, B Bloemfontein, J Johannesburg, and K Kimberley.

The Witwatersrand is a 56-kilometre-long north-facing scarp in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. It consists of a hard, erosion-resistant quartzite sedimentary rock, over which several north-flowing rivers form waterfalls, which account for the name “Witwatersrand”, meaning the “ridge of white waters” in Afrikaans. This east–west-running scarp can be traced with only one short gap from Bedfordview (about 10 km west of O.R. Tambo International Airport) in the east, through Johannesburg and Roodepoort, to Krugersdorp in the west (see the diagram bottom-left below).
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更新时间：2025/6/23 7:58:57