亨利·威尔逊（Henry Wilson，1812年－1875年），美国政治人物，第18任美国副总统。

生于新罕布什尔州法明顿。

1840年当选马塞诸塞州众议院议员。他反对奴隶制度，脱离辉格党后筹建共和党。战后积极帮助为黑人创建完整的政治、民权措施。

1855－1873年任联邦参议员。1872年在格兰特政府任副总统。1875年任内因中风卒于华盛顿特区。

Henry Wilson (born Jeremiah Jones Colbath; February 16, 1812 – November 22, 1875) was the 18th Vice President of the United States (1873–75) and a Senator from Massachusetts (1855–73). Before and during the American Civil War, he was a leading Republican, and a strong opponent of slavery. He devoted his energies to the destruction of the "Slave Power" – the faction of slave owners and their political allies which anti-slavery Americans saw as dominating the country.