生物统计学（有时也称生物计量学）是统计学的原理和方法在生物学研究中的应用，是一门应用数学，最常见的是应用于医学。

在生物学、医学、农学等的研究中，合理地进行调查或实验设计，科学地整理、分析收集得来的资料，是生物统计的根本任务。

Biostatistics (or biometry) is the application of statistics to a wide range of topics in biology. The science of biostatistics encompasses the design of biological experiments, especially in medicine, pharmacy, agriculture and fishery; the collection, summarization, and analysis of data from those experiments; and the interpretation of, and inference from, the results. A major branch of this is medical biostatistics, which is exclusively concerned with medicine and health.