维尔纳·海森堡（德语：Werner Heisenberg，1901年12月5日－1976年2月1日）是德国一位物理学家，也是量子力学的创始人之一，“哥本哈根学派”代表性人物。1932年，海森堡因为“创立量子力学以及由此导致的氢的同素异形体的发现”而荣获诺贝尔物理学奖。

他对物理学的主要贡献是给出了量子力学的矩阵形式（矩阵力学），提出了“测不准原理”（又称“海森堡不确定性原理”）和S矩阵理论等。他的《量子论的物理学基础》是量子力学领域的一部经典著作。

Werner Karl Heisenberg (German:[ˈhaɪzənbɛɐ̯k]; 5 December 1901 – 1 February 1976) was a German theoretical physicist and one of the key pioneers of quantum mechanics. He published his work in 1925 in a breakthrough paper. In the subsequent series of papers with Max Born and Pascual Jordan, during the same year, this matrix formulation of quantum mechanics was substantially elaborated. In 1927 he published his uncertainty principle, upon which he built his philosophy and for which he is best known. Heisenberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1932 "for the creation of quantum mechanics". He also made important contributions to the theories of the hydrodynamics of turbulent flows, the atomic nucleus, ferromagnetism, cosmic rays, and subatomic particles, and he was instrumental in planning the first West German nuclear reactor at Karlsruhe, together with a research reactor in Munich, in 1957. Considerable controversy surrounds his work on atomic research during World War II.