生物工程学（Biological Engineering或bioengineering，生物技术工程）或者生物系统工程，是一种即利用数学、物理的法则，以及工程学本身的解析及综合方法学，以应付在生物学及医学范畴上种种新挑战的学科。它应用了工程学的法则、技术和组织方法于分子生物学、生物化学、微生物学、药理学、蛋白化学、细胞学、免疫学、神经生物学及神经科学，以人工再现生物的整个生命进程或者生命进程中的一部分。作为一种研究，生物工程学亦包含了生物医学工程，并与生物技术相关。生物系统工程学亦是生物工程学的范畴。这个学科透过成品设计、可持续发展及分析来使生物系统得到改进及专注应用。

Biological engineering or bio-engineering (including biological systems engineering) is the application of concepts and methods of biology (and secondarily of physics, chemistry, mathematics, and computer science) to solve real-world problems related to SSBS life sciences or the application thereof, using engineering's own analytical and synthetic methodologies and also its traditional sensitivity to the cost and practicality of the solution(s) arrived at. In this context, while traditional engineering applies physical and mathematical sciences to analyze, design and manufacture inanimate tools, structures and processes, biological engineering uses primarily the rapidly developing body of knowledge known as molecular biology to study and advance applications of organisms and to create biotechnology.