生物分类法（英语：Taxonomy），又称科学分类法，是用生物分类学方法来对生物的物种分组和归类的办法。以级别为基础的系统层次结构中使用的的一个固定数量的层次，域，界，门，纲，目，科，属，种。无级别系统使用任意数量的层次。分类的群体被称为分类单元。

现代生物分类法源于林奈的系统，他根据物种共有的生理特征分类。在林奈之后，根据达尔文关于共同祖先的原则，此系统被逐渐改进。近年来，分子系统学应用了生物信息学方法分析基因组DNA，正在大幅改动很多原有的分类。

生物分类法属于系统分类学。

Taxonomy (from Ancient Greek: τάξις taxis, "arrangement", and -νομία -nomia, "method") is the science of defining groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics and giving names to those groups. Organisms are grouped together into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a super group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the father of taxonomy, as he developed a system known as Linnaean classification for categorization of organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.