生物芯片（英语：biochip）是运用分子生物学、基因信息、分析化学等原理进行设计，以硅晶圆、玻璃或高分子为基材，配合微机电自动化、或其他精密加工技术，所制作之高科技组件，有如半导体芯片一般能快速进行繁复运算；生物芯片具有快速、精确、低成本之生物分析检验能力。在分子生物学，生物芯片基本上是小型化的实验室，可以同时运行数百个或数千个生化反应。生物芯片使研究人员能够快速筛选大量的生物分析物用于各种目的，从疾病的诊断到生物恐怖主义的检测。

目前发展中之生物芯片可大略分成：基因芯片（gene chip or DNA microarray）与实验室芯片（Lab-on-a-chip）两类。基因芯片是所有不同种类之生物芯片中发展最快的一种。指的是在数平方公分之面积上安装数千或数万个核酸探针，经由一次测验，即可提供大量基因串行相关信息。

In molecular biology, biochips are essentially miniaturized laboratories that can perform hundreds or thousands of simultaneous biochemical reactions. Biochips enable researchers to quickly screen large numbers of biological analytes for a variety of purposes, from disease diagnosis to detection of bioterrorism agents. Digital microfluidic biochips have become one of the most promising technologies in many biomedical fields. In a digital microfluidic biochip, a group of (adjacent) cells in the microfluidic array can be configured to work as storage, functional operations, as well as for transporting fluid droplets dynamically.