生物质（Biomass）是指能够当做燃料或者工业原料，活着或刚死去的有机物。生物质能最常见于种植植物所制造的生质燃料，或者用来生产纤维、化学制品和热能的动物或植物。也包括以生物可降解的废弃物（Biodegradable waste）制造的燃料。但那些已经变质成为煤炭或石油等的有机物质除外。

许多的植物都被用来生产生物质能，包括了芒草、柳枝稷、麻、玉米、杨属、柳树、甘蔗和棕榈树。。一些特定采用的植物通常都不是非常重要的终端产品，但却会影响原料的处理过程。因为对能源的需求持续增长，生物质能的工业也随着水涨船高。

Biomass is organic matter derived from living, or recently living organisms. Biomass can be used as a source of energy and it most often refers to plants or plant-based materials which are not used for food or feed, and are specifically called lignocellulosic biomass . As an energy source, biomass can either be used directly via combustion to produce heat, or indirectly after converting it to various forms of biofuel. Conversion of biomass to biofuel can be achieved by different methods which are broadly classified into: thermal, chemical, and biochemical methods.