瓦尔特·本雅明（Walter Benjamin，1892年7月15日－1940年9月27日），德国哲学家、文化评论者、折衷主义思想家。班雅明的思想融合了德国唯心主义、浪漫主义、唯物史观以及犹太神秘学等元素，并在美学理论和西方马克思主义等领域有深远的影响。他与法兰克福学派关系密切，且受哥舒姆·舒勒姆 犹太神秘主义理论的影响。1930年代受到以间离效果理论闻名的德国剧作家布莱希特的影响，班雅明的重心转向马克思主义。

本雅明著作等身，其中一篇作品〈机械复制时代的艺术作品〉最广为人知。

本雅明在试着逃离纳粹时，于法西边界的波尔特沃自杀。

Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin (German:[ˈvaltɐ ˈbɛnjamiːn]; 15 July 1892 – 26 September 1940) was a German Jewish philosopher and cultural critic. An eclectic thinker, combining elements of German idealism, Romanticism, Western Marxism, and Jewish mysticism, Benjamin made enduring and influential contributions to aesthetic theory, literary criticism, and historical materialism. He was associated with the Frankfurt School, and also maintained formative friendships with thinkers such as playwright Bertolt Brecht and Kabbalah scholar Gershom Scholem. He was also related by law to German political theorist Hannah Arendt through her first marriage to his cousin, Günther Anders.