Damage to the corticospinal tract causes weakness and problems with voluntary muscle movement below the level of the spinal cord segment.

损伤皮质脊髓束可以导致感觉平面以下的肌肉无力和随意运动障碍。

The circuit that controls voluntary movement.

控制随意运动的电路。

The corticospinal tract is a descending pathway that carries motor information from the brain to different muscles in the body, and it controls voluntary muscle movement.

皮质脊髓束是一条下行通路，携带从大脑向全身肌肉传递的动作信息，控制肌肉的随意运动。

Mammals need a lot of oxygen; we use it to make the energy that fuels everything from maintaining our body temperatures to our heartbeats to voluntary movements.

哺乳动物需要大量的氧气；我们用氧气来生产能量，供给所有的活动，从维持体温到心跳，以及自主运动。

And it's the cerebrum that rules our voluntary movements and our most advanced tricks, like thinking, and learning, and regulating and recognizing emotions, and experiencing consciousness in general.

大脑控制着我们的自愿运动和最先进的技巧，比如思考和学习，调节和识别情绪，体验一般的意识。

When the corticospinal tract is affected, a person will have problems with voluntary movement, and when the spinothalamic tract is damaged, a person will have problems sensing pain.

当皮质脊髓束受损时，患者会有随意运动障碍；当脊髓丘脑束受损时，患者会有痛觉丧失。

Finally, there's the corticospinal tract, which is a descending pathway that carries motor information from the brain to different muscles in the body, and it controls voluntary muscle movement.

最后是皮质脊髓束：它是一条携带运动信息的下行通路，将运动信息从大脑传输到身体的不同肌肉，控制着肌肉随意运动。

It was once assumed that dopamine was just about pleasure, but now we know it's vital to many neurological functions, including motivation, memory, learning, punishment as well as voluntary movement.

人们曾经认为多巴胺只与快乐有关，但现在我们知道它对许多神经功能都至关重要，包括动力、记忆、学习、惩罚以及自主运动。

So what's cool about this is that because you are making voluntary movements with your brain, we can exploit these muscle contractions and use it to control robotics.

所以很酷的是， 因为你是用你的大脑做自愿运动，我们可以利用这些肌肉收缩来控制机器人。