压敏电阻（英语：Varistor 或 Voltage Dependent Resistor，缩写VDR），又称变阻器、变阻体或突波吸收器，是一种具有显著非欧姆导体性质的电子组件，电阻值会随外部电压而改变，因此它的电流-电压特性曲线具有显著的非线性。压敏电阻广泛的被应用在电子线路中，来防护因为电力供应系统的暂态电压突波所可能对电路的伤害。当高压来到时，压敏电阻的电阻降低而将电流予以分流，因而保护了敏感的电子组件。

压敏电阻它的电阻会因两端电压之不同而改变，也就是说，英文名称 Varistor 得名于 Variable（会变的）+ Resistor（电阻）两字的结合，也称为 VDR (Voltage Dependent Resistor)。 变阻器通常用来保护电子电路，防止受到过大的暂态电压破坏或干扰。

A varistor is an electronic component with an electrical resistance that varies with the applied voltage. Also known as a voltage-dependent resistor (VDR), it has a nonlinear, non-ohmic current–voltage characteristic that is similar to that of a diode. In contrast to a diode however, it has the same characteristic for both directions of traversing current. At low voltage it has a high electrical resistance which decreases as the voltage is raised.