火山学（英语：Volcanology）是一门研究火山、熔岩、岩浆及相关地质学、地球物理学、和地球化学现象的学问。

研究火山学的人称为火山学家。火山学家是地质学家，他们研究火山的喷发活动和火山的形成，以及火山现在的和历史上的喷发。火山学家常常要实地造访火山（特别是活火山）来观察火山喷发，采集喷发的产物，例如火山喷发碎屑（例如火山灰或浮岩）、岩石及熔岩的样本。另外一个研究的重心是预测火山的喷发。目前并没有准确的方法可以预测火山的喷发，但是，预测火山的喷发如同预测地震一样可以拯救许多生命。

科学家中最危险的行业之一就是火山学家，因为突如其来的火山喷发随时可能在研究活火山时发生。

Volcanology (also spelled vulcanology) is the study of volcanoes, lava, magma, and related geological, geophysical and geochemical phenomena. The term volcanology is derived from the Latin word vulcan. Vulcan was the ancient Roman god of fire.

A volcanologist is a geologist who studies the eruptive activity and formation of volcanoes, and their current and historic eruptions. Volcanologists frequently visit volcanoes, especially active ones, to observe volcanic eruptions, collect eruptive products including tephra (such as ash or pumice), rock and lava samples. One major focus of enquiry is the prediction of eruptions; there is currently no accurate way to do this, but predicting eruptions, like predicting earthquakes, could save many lives.