喷出岩是一种火成岩，也被称为火山岩，是由火山喷出的岩浆在地表迅速冷却凝固后形成的岩石，由于冷却速度很快，一般喷出岩的结构会形成细粒、隐晶，或形成玻璃质，经常包含有碎屑和斑晶；含有斑晶的称为“某某斑岩”，比如英安斑岩、流纹斑岩等等，岩石中及含有斑晶也含有碎屑，大些的碎屑则称为角砾。

喷出岩由于冷却很快，有时其中气体无法逸出，形成很小的气泡，最典型的如浮岩，由于含气量大，造成比重小，甚至能在水中漂浮。

喷出岩中含硅量低的一般称为玄武岩，含硅量高的为流纹岩，此外硅含量中等的还有安山岩、粗面岩和英安岩等。火山喷出的火山灰和碎屑会形成凝灰岩。其实就是一一对应了超基性，基性，中性，酸性花岗岩岩浆化学成分对应的岩类：蛇绿岩套（辉长岩、辉绿岩等），闪长岩，花岗闪长岩，花岗岩。只是说在成因上一个是喷出岩，一个是潜伏岩。

Volcanic rock (often shortened to volcanics in scientific contexts) is a rock formed from magma erupted from a volcano. In other words, it differs from other igneous rock by being of volcanic origin. Like all rock types, the concept of volcanic rock is artificial, and in nature volcanic rocks grade into hypabyssal and metamorphic rocks and constitute an important element of some sediments and sedimentary rocks. For these reasons, in geology, volcanics and shallow hypabyssal rocks are not always treated as distinct. In the context of Precambrian shield geology, the term "volcanic" is often applied to what are strictly metavolcanic rocks.