Volcanic ash covered the fields and famine began.

火山灰覆盖了田野，饥荒开始了。

Volcanic ash provides nutrients to nearby soil, making the land fertile.

火山灰为附近的土壤提供养分，使土地肥沃。

Volcanic ash can melt if it's sucked into aircraft engines.

如果被飞机引擎吸入，火山灰会融化。

But volcanic ash can be sand too.

但是火山灰也可以是沙子。

Besides low visibility, volcanic ash particles could cripple necessary navigational equipment.

除了能见度降低以外，火山灰颗粒还会损坏必要的导航设备。

Where South Dakota is today, volcanic ash carpeted the terrain.

现在的南达科塔，以前被火山灰覆盖着大地。

The three main parts were lime, volcanic ash and water.

三种主要成分是石灰、火山灰和水。

They include tree bark, volcanic ash, rice, beer and even urine.

其中包括树皮、火山灰、大米、啤酒，甚至尿液。

Planes were warned about volcanic ash but no evacuations were immediately ordered.

飞机接到警告警惕火山灰，但政府没有立即发布撤离的命令。

There is also a concern over volcanic ash and its effect on farmland.

火山灰对农田的影响也令人担忧。

Except in this case, it's hot volcanic ash heating the air instead.

不过在这种情况下，是炙热的火山灰加热了空气。

And so it is today, now that the volcanic ash has been cleared away.

也是今天火山灰被清除后的景象。

Over millions of years, more layers landed on top — mud, sand and even volcanic ash.

经历数百万年的时间，上面覆盖了更多层物质——泥土、沙子甚至火山灰。

Here's what it's been doing. Volcanic ash has not been a major problem yet, though volcanologists are warning it could become one.

尽管专家曾警告火山灰可能造成很严重的后果，但目前看来还没有造成多大困扰。

In addition, he noted, the calcium mixed with the volcanic ash to create a stronger structure.

此外，他指出，钙与火山灰混合后会形成更坚固的结构。

Cruz and her husband, banana grower Tono Gonzalez, must remove volcanic ash from their vehicle each day.

克鲁兹和她的丈夫，香蕉种植者托诺·冈萨雷斯，每天都必须从车里清除火山灰。

And authorities on Hawaii's Big Island are handing out masks to protect people from breathing volcanic ash.

夏威夷大岛的当局正在发放口罩，避免人们吸入火山灰。

For three days the sun did not break through the clouds of volcanic ash that filled the sky.

连续三天，阳光都没有穿透天空中火山灰形成的尘雾。

Volcanic activity on Indonisia's Mount Sinabung continues Thursday with plumes of volcanic ash rising high in the sky.

印度尼西亚的锡纳朋火山爆发，火山活动一直持续至周四，火上上空集聚了浓密的火山灰。

The roads in the area, packed with vehicles rushing to outrun the volcanic ash that is still raining down.

该地区的道路上挤满了车辆，他们赶着逃离仍在倾盆而下的火山灰。