视觉人类学（Visual anthropology）（或称「影视人类学」）是文化人类学的一个次学科，它关注对于民族志摄影、电影与1990年代中期以来的新媒体的研究。虽然视觉人类学这个术语有时与「民族志影片」（ethnographic film）互用，但视觉人类学有时也包括对于视觉再现的人类学研究，包括展演、博物馆、艺术，以及媒体人类学的生产与接收理论。来自所有文化的各种视觉再现形式，例如沙画、纹身、雕塑、洞穴壁画、解闷消遣的手工、珠宝、象形文本、绘画与摄影等等，也包含在视觉人类学的焦点之中。人类的视觉、视觉生理学、多媒体的特质、形式之于功能的关系、某个文化的视觉再现形式的演进，皆为视觉人类学的研究领域。由于人类学是一门全貌观点的科学，视觉再现形式链接到其他的文化和社会层面的方式，是视觉人类学的核心议题。

Visual anthropology is a subfield of social anthropology that is concerned, in part, with the study and production of ethnographic photography, film and, since the mid-1990s, new media. More recently it has been used by historians of science and visual culture. Although sometimes wrongly conflated with ethnographic film, Visual Anthropology encompasses much more, including the anthropological study of all visual representations such as dance and other kinds of performance, museums and archiving, all visual arts, and the production and reception of mass media. Histories and analyses of representations from many cultures are part of Visual Anthropology: research topics include sandpaintings, tattoos, sculptures and reliefs, cave paintings, scrimshaw, jewelry, hieroglyphics, paintings and photographs. Also within the province of the subfield are studies of human vision, properties of media, the relationship of visual form and function, and applied, collaborative uses of visual representations.