虚拟博物馆（Virtual museum）或数字博物馆（Digital museum），是以博物馆为主题，结合电脑多媒体技术应用的展示平台。虚拟博物馆具有自由浏览与简易交互的优点，可收藏任何可被数字化的事物，而信息可以在网络上不断地被更新与提供服务，透过信息技术设计类似于传统的博物馆型态，并提供全新展现方式与参观体验。

依据"数字典藏与数字学习国家型科技计划"《技术汇编》将此定义为：以「数字化」的方式，将各种器物、标本及文档等典藏数据，以高分辨率扫描、数字化拍摄、三度空间模型虚拟制作等技术加以数字化与保存，并透过网络完整呈现实体博物馆所应具有的展示、收藏、教育和研究等功能。

A virtual museum is a digital entity that draws on the characteristics of a museum, in order to complement, enhance, or augment the museum experience through personalization, interactivity and richness of content. Virtual museums can perform as the digital footprint of a physical museum, or can act independently, while maintaining the authoritative status as bestowed by the International Council of Museums (ICOM) in its definition of a museum. In tandem with the ICOM mission of a physical museum, the virtual museum is also committed to public access; to both the knowledge systems imbedded in the collections and the systematic, and coherent organization of their display, as well as to their long-term preservation.