One of these is isothermal amplification which also checks for viral RNA.

其中之一是恒温扩增，它检查病毒的RNA。

If the viral RNA is present, the primers attach to the RNA strand and then reverse transcriptase synthesizes a cDNA strand.

如果存在相关病毒RNA，引物便会与RNA单链结合，之后逆转录酶将会合成一条互补DNA链。

Reverse transcription turns viral RNA into DNA that polymerase enzymes can then properly amplify.

逆转录将病毒 RNA 转化为 DNA， 然后聚合酶可以适当地扩增该 DNA。

To confirm the diagnosis, a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or RT-PCR test can be done, which can detect very small amounts of viral RNA.

确诊COVID-19感染需要进行逆转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）测试，它能够检出非常微量的病毒RNA。

With RNA viruses, many of them stay in the cytoplasm where the viral RNA is used by the host's ribosomes to create viral RNA polymerase proteins.

对于RNA病毒，它们中的许多都待在细胞质中，病毒RNA在这里由宿主的核糖体合成病毒RNA聚合酶。

Once attached to specific proteins on the T-cell, it begins to fuse the membranes together, and eventually enters the cell where it releases 2 viral RNA strands and 3 essential replication enzymes.

病毒一旦附着在T细胞特定的蛋白质上，便会开始和细胞膜融合，最后进入细胞释放2种滤过性毒菌核糖核酸链和3种基本复制酶。

RNA tests screen for viral RNA, so they also detect the virus directly, and DNA tests look for copies of the viral RNA (since remember it's a retrovirus so it copies its genetic material into DNA).

RNA检测是筛查病毒RNA，因此可以直接检测病毒；DNA检测是检测病毒RNA的复制产物，因为HIV是逆转录病毒，它将自身的遗传物质复制到DNA中。