病毒（英语：virus）是由一个核酸分子（DNA或RNA）与蛋白质构成的非细胞形态,靠寄生生活的介于生命体及非生命体之间的有机物种，它既不是生物亦不是非生物，目前不把它归于五界（原核生物、原生生物、菌物、植物和动物）之中。。它是由一个保护性外壳包裹的一段DNA或者RNA，借由感染的机制，这些简单的有机体可以利用宿主的细胞系统进行自我复制，但无法独立生长和复制。病毒可以感染几乎所有具有细胞结构的生命体。第一个已知的病毒是烟草花叶病毒，由马丁乌斯·贝杰林克于1899年发现并命名，迄今已有超过5000种类型的病毒得到鉴定。研究病毒的科学被称为病毒学，是微生物学的一个分支。

A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.

Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants, and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, about 5,000 virus species have been described in detail, although there are millions of types. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most abundant type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a sub-speciality of microbiology.