A bill of exchange is a commodity that is subject to rises and falls in value.

债券是一种商品，也有市价涨落。

This bank was more liberal than any other had ever been, both in granting cash-accounts, and in discounting bills of exchange.

这家银行在开立现金账户和贴现汇票方面比以往任何时候都更加自由。

Except bills of exchange, and some other mercantile bills, all other deeds, bonds, and contracts, are subject to a stamp duty.

除汇票和其他一些商业票据外， 所有其他契据、债券和合同均需缴纳印花税。

By its liberality in granting cash-accounts, and in discounting bills of exchange, it, no doubt, issued great quantities of its bank notes.

由于它在开立现金账户和贴现汇票方面的慷慨， 毫无疑问，它发行了大量的银行票据。

In this case, the resource of the banks was, to draw upon their correspondents in London bills of exchange, to the extent of the sum which they wanted.

在这种情况下，银行的资源是在伦敦汇票上向他们的代理行支取他们想要的金额。

All the dealers in circulating bills of exchange, which those other banks had become so backward in discounting, had recourse to this new bank, where they were received with open arms.

其他银行在贴现方面变得如此落后的流通汇票的所有交易商都求助于这家新银行，在那里他们受到了热烈欢迎。

But the Scotch merchants, it must be remembered, can discount their bills of exchange as easily as the English merchants; and have, besides, the additional conveniency of their cash accounts.

但是必须记住，苏格兰商人可以像英国商人一样轻松地贴现他们的汇票；此外，还有现金账户的额外便利。

By being brought from the coffers of the bank, besides, it lost all the other advantages of bank money; its security, its easy and safe transferability, its use in paying foreign bills of exchange.

此外，由于是从银行的金库中取出，它失去了银行货币的所有其他优势；它的安全性，它的简单和安全的可转让性，它在支付外国汇票中的用途。

Every merchant, in consequence of this regulation, was obliged to keep an account with the bank, in order to pay his foreign bills of exchange, which necessarily occasioned a certain demand for bank money.

由于这项规定，每个商人都必须在银行开户，以支付他的外国汇票，这必然引起对银行货币的一定需求。

But upon upwards of six hundred thousand pounds, for which it was continually drawing bills of exchange upon London, it was paying, in the way of interest and commission, upwards of eight per cent.

但是，对于超过 60 万英镑， 它不断地在伦敦开出汇票， 它以利息和佣金的方式支付了 8% 以上的费用。

The stream which, by means of those circulating bills of exchange, had once been made to run out from the coffers of the banks, was never replaced by any stream which really ran into them.

由于这些流通的汇票， 曾经使银行的金库中流出的资金流从未被真正流入银行的任何资金流所取代。

For that one, Monsieur des Grassins discounted bills of exchange, but at a frightful deduction of interest. Few days ever passed that Monsieur Grandet's name was not mentioned either in the markets or in social conversations at the evening gatherings.

对于那一张，德格拉桑先生对汇票进行了贴现，但利息却高得惊人。几天过去了，无论是在市场上，还是在晚间聚会的社交谈话中，都没有人提到葛朗台先生的名字。

It frequently happened, that A in Edinburgh would enable B in London to pay the first bill of exchange, by drawing, a few days before it became due, a second bill at three months date upon the same B in London.

经常发生的情况是，爱丁堡的 A 使伦敦的 B 能够在第一张汇票到期前几天，在伦敦的同一个 B 处在三个月的日期开出第二张汇票，从而支付第一张汇票。

At other times A would enable to discharge the first bill of exchange, by drawing, a few days before it became due, a second bill at two months date, not upon B, but upon some third person, C, for example, in London.

在其他时候，A 可以在第一张汇票到期前几天通过在两个月的日期开出第二张汇票来清偿第一张汇票，不是向 B，而是向某个第三方，例如在伦敦的 C .