维京人（古诺尔斯语：víkingr）是诺尔斯人的一支（斯堪的那维亚人），他们是从公元8世纪到11世纪侵扰并殖民欧洲沿海和不列颠群岛的探险家，武士，商人和海盗。其足迹遍及从欧洲大陆至北极广阔疆域，欧洲这一时期被称为“维京时期”。这段时间北欧的军事、贸易及人口扩张是斯堪的那维亚、不列颠群岛、西西里、俄罗斯及欧洲其他地区中古时期历史的一个重要元素。

在英语中，维京人这个词是从18世纪的传奇故事中引入的，有一种说法认为可能是来源于古代北欧人的古北欧语语言，“vik”意思是“海湾”，“ing”意思是“从……来”，加起来“维京”意思是在海湾中从事某种事，“vikingr”是在海湾中从事这种事的人。另一种说法认为是来源于古英语“wíc”意思是“进行贸易的城市”，因为后来部分维京人定居到不列颠岛，并和当地人进行贸易。他们在公元800到1070年处于统治地位，对海上交通构成威胁。

Vikings (Norwegian and Danish:Vikinger; Swedish and Nynorsk: Vikingar; Icelandic:Víkingar), from Old Norse víkingr, were Germanic Norse seafarers, speaking the Old Norse language, who raided and traded from their Scandinavian homelands across wide areas of northern and central Europe, as well as European Russia, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries. The term is also commonly extended in modern English and other vernaculars to the inhabitants of Viking home communities during what has become known as the Viking Age. This period of Norse military, mercantile and demographic expansion constitutes an important element in the early medieval history of Scandinavia, the British Isles, Ireland, France, Kievan Rus' and Sicily.