维氏硬度试验，Vickers-Hardness简称HV，是压入硬度试验之一种，其测量值用HV表示。

维氏硬度试验最初于20世纪20年代初被提出，比起其他硬度试验其优点有：硬度值与压头大小、负荷值无关；无需根据材料软硬变换压头；正方形的压痕轮廓边缘清晰，便于测量。维氏硬度被应用于所有金属，并是应用最广泛的硬度标准之一。

只要被测材料质地均匀，维氏硬度试验可以用低负荷和小压痕得到可靠的硬度值，这样能减少材料破坏，或用于薄小的试验材料。这一点上维氏硬度要优于布氏硬度。

另外，在硬度不高（硬度值400以下）的同一均匀材料上，维氏和布氏硬度试验得出的数值近似。

The Vickers hardness test was developed in 1921 by Robert L. Smith and George E. Sandland at Vickers Ltd as an alternative to the Brinell method to measure the hardness of materials. The Vickers test is often easier to use than other hardness tests since the required calculations are independent of the size of the indenter, and the indenter can be used for all materials irrespective of hardness. The basic principle, as with all common measures of hardness, is to observe the questioned material's ability to resist plastic deformation from a standard source. The Vickers test can be used for all metals and has one of the widest scales among hardness tests. The unit of hardness given by the test is known as the Vickers Pyramid Number (HV) or Diamond Pyramid Hardness (DPH). The hardness number can be converted into units of pascals, but should not be confused with pressure, which also has units of pascals. The hardness number is determined by the load over the surface area of the indentation and not the area normal to the force, and is therefore not pressure.