Pterosaurs were the first vertebrates to master flight.

翼龙是最早掌握飞行的脊椎动物。

Snakes are also vertebrates, which means that they have a backbone.

蛇类也是脊椎动物，说明它们有脊椎骨。

That is basically what it means to be a vertebrate.

这基本上就是脊椎动物的含义。

The smallest fish, the stout infant fish, and the smallest recorded vertebrate, this tiny little frog.

最小的鱼，粗壮的幼鱼，还有有记录的最小的脊椎动物，这种小青蛙。

Large females are extremely aggressive and can easily kill scorpions or even small vertebrates like lizards.

大型的雌性极有攻击性能够轻易地杀死蝎子甚至像蜥蜴一样的小型脊椎动物。

The octopus isn't a vertebrate so it can change its form and its shape very easily.

章鱼并不是脊椎动物，所以它可以轻易改变它的外形和形状。

Bulkier vertebrates have to have more massive bones.

体积较大的脊椎动物必须有更大的骨骼。

These were the ancestors of today's land vertebrates – animals such as amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

它们是如今陆地脊椎动物的祖先，如两栖动物、爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物。

By human standards, a few vertebrate species have incredible longevity.

按照人类的标准，有一些脊椎动物的寿命长得令人难以置信。

Cephalopods may have evolved complex brains long before our vertebrate relatives.

头足类或许比我们的脊椎动物近亲更早演化出复杂的脑部。