Beta-blockers like propranolol can decrease portal venous pressure and prevent complications.

诸如心得安之类的β受体阻滞剂可以降低门静脉压力，并预防并发症。

Diagnosis is done mainly by hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement.

诊断主要通过测量肝静脉压力梯度来完成。

Even partial compression of the superior vena cava can cause the venous pressure behind the obstruction to increase.

局部压迫上腔静脉甚至能造成阻断后方的静脉压升高。

The rate of venous return is determined by two factors: the pressure gradient between venous pressure and right atrial pressure; and venous resistance.

静脉压与右心房压之间的压力梯度；以及静脉阻力。

Increased venous pressure can cause a flushed appearance from pooling of blood in the veins, as well as edema or swelling of the face and arms, from fluid leaking out of the blood vessels and into the tissues.

静脉压增加导致血流淤积，造成面部潮红，以及面部和手臂水肿；这是由于液体从血管中漏出，并进入组织。

The gold standard for determining if there is portal hypertension is obtaining a hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement where a catheter is inserted inside the inferior vena cava and then inside the portal vein to measure the difference between both pressures.

确定是否存在门静脉高压症的金标准是测量肝静脉压力梯度，即将导管先后插入下腔静脉、门静脉内测量两个压力之间的差异。