V. cholerae O1 has caused all recent outbreaks.

正是O1型霍乱弧菌引起了最近的所有暴发。

Transmission of V. cholerae typically occurs through a fecal to oral route.

霍乱弧菌的传播通常为粪口途径。

Diagnosis is typically made by a stool sample growing V. cholerae on a thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar.

诊断通常是通过在硫代硫酸盐、柠檬酸盐、胆盐、蔗糖琼脂上培养霍乱弧菌的粪便样本。

V. cholerae O139 – first identified in Bangladesh in 1992 – caused outbreaks in the past, but recently has only been identified in sporadic cases.

O139型霍乱弧菌于1992年在孟加拉国被首次发现，在过去也曾导致霍乱暴发，而最近仅在散发病例中有发现。

This can cause symptoms like vomiting and voluminous amounts of watery diarrhea containing extremely high concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate; as well as high levels of live V. cholerae ready to infect another individual.

这可能导致呕吐、含有大量高浓度的钠、钾、氯化物和碳酸氢盐的水样腹泻，以及可能感染另一个人的高活跃性的霍乱弧菌。

And while the incubation time for V. cholerae can take hours, to 2-3 days; severe dehydration and depletion of electrolytes can happen within 4 to 12 hours of the first bout of diarrhea or vomiting.

虽然霍乱弧菌的潜伏期可达数小时至2-3天；第一次腹泻或呕吐后的4至12小时内可出现严重脱水和电解质耗竭。

Most people infected with V. cholerae do not develop any symptoms, although the bacteria are present in their faeces for 1-10 days after infection and are shed back into the environment, potentially infecting other people.

当然大多数感染了霍乱弧菌的人并不会出现任何症状，尽管这种病菌在感染后的1~10天内出现在他们的粪便中，并被释放回环境中传染他人。