美国联邦地区法院（英语：United States district courts是美国联邦法院系统中的普通初审法院，无论民事还是刑事案件都是向此类法院提交的，包括涉及普通法、衡平法和海事法三类。

每一个联邦地区法院都有一个相应的联邦破产法院，每一个联邦司法管辖区都会有至少一个法庭，并且其中很多辖区内都不止一个。这些法庭的正式名称一般是“美国”后接该地区的名称再接“联邦地区法院”。

与根据美利坚合众国宪法第三条而设立的联邦最高法院不同，联邦地区法院是由国会通过立法设立的，因此宪法中并未强制要求一定要设立这些“下级法院”。事实上，在宪法得到批准后，一些反对创建一个强大中央政府的人坚持认为联邦司法系统只需要有一个法院负责审理来自各州法院的上诉就可以了。不过这一看法并未占据主流，第一届国会上就通过了法律创建了至今依然保持运作的地区法院系统。

The United States district courts are the general trial courts of the United States federal court system. They are known as the work horses because they deal with most of the court cases. Both civil and criminal cases are filed in the district court, which is a court of law, equity, and admiralty. There is a United States bankruptcy court associated with each United States district court. Each federal judicial district has at least one courthouse, and many districts have more than one. The formal name of a district court is "the United States District Court for" the name of the district—for example, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri.