Therefore, upper UTI shares a lot of the same risk factors as lower UTI: things like female sex, sexual intercourse, indwelling catheters, diabetes mellitus, and urinary tract obstruction.
因此，上尿路感染的危险因素很多都与下尿路感染相同，比如说女性易患、性交、留置导尿管、糖尿病和尿路阻塞。
Urinary Tract Obstruction
原声例句
Osmosis-泌尿
中文百科
尿潴留 Urinary retention
（重定向自Urinary Tract Obstruction）
尿潴留，又称尿（液）滞留，是膀胱内的尿液无法排出的状况，最常见的原因是良性前列腺增生症。
英语百科
Urinary retention 尿瀦留
（重定向自Urinary Tract Obstruction）
Urinary retention, also known as ischuria, is an inability to completely empty the bladder. It is a common complication of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), though it can also be caused by:
Diagnosis and treatment may require a catheter or prostatic stent.
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