Upward pressure on production costs has been intense.

生产成本上涨的压力很大。

That, in turn, would cause financial conditions to ease, thereby placing upward pressure on inflation.

这反过来又会导致金融状况缓解，从而给通胀带来上行压力。

For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers — and upward pressure on wages.

对工厂老板们而言，所有这一切共同引发了对工人的激烈争夺——以及工资上涨的压力。

The more people who are in the workforce, the more the economy can grow without putting upward pressure on inflation.

劳动力人数越多，经济增长就越快，也不会给通胀带来上行压力。

But the upper limit of 0.25% is what mattered, especially this year, as upward pressure on yields built around the globe.

但0.25%的上限才是最重要的，特别是今年，因为全球收益率上升的压力都越来越大。

A tighter labor market, a labor market moving toward full unemployment, is one that historically has generated upward pressure on inflation.

从历史上看，日趋紧张的劳动力市场，向充分就业发展的劳动力市场曾给通胀率施加了上升压力。

In 2024 nominal pay rose by an astonishing 18%, putting further upward pressure on prices.

2024年，名义工资惊人地增长了18%，进一步加剧了物价上涨的压力。

So, the upward pressure they exert is lower than it would be in a hot liquid.

因此， 它们施加的向上压力低于热液体中的压力。

There are still nearly twice as many job openings as there are unemployed people, placing upward pressure on wages and, in turn, inflation.

职位空缺数量仍然是失业人数的近两倍，这给工资带来了上行压力，进而也带来了通胀。

If nothing else, it will prevent yet more big-spending " Bidenomics" , potentially reducing upward pressure on inflation and interest rates.

如果不出意外，它将阻止更多的大笔支出“Bidenomics”，可能会减少通货膨胀和利率的上行压力。

At the same time, the government's need to attract savings from investors at home and abroad can place upward pressure on interest rates.

与此同时，政府吸引国内外投资者储蓄的需要可能会给利率带来上行压力。

Yet consumer prices need not go on rising, unless people demand higher wages in response, putting further upward pressure on prices in a self-reinforcing spiral.

然而，消费价格不需要继续上涨，除非人们要求提高工资作为回应，从而在自我强化的螺旋中对价格施加进一步的上行压力。

Gas molecules, as long as they have kinetic energy, are going to want to escape the solution, so they will be creating an upward pressure on the surrounding gas.

气体分子，只要它们有动能， 就会想要逃离溶液，因此它们会对周围的气体产生向上的压力。