Just how bad are upfs, and what do they do to us?

upfs到底有多糟糕，它们对我们做了什么？

A new term is catching on to describe these nutritional bad guys: ultra-processed foods (upfs).

一个新术语正在流行来描述这些营养不良的东西：超加工食品（upfs）。

Arguably, some upfs are more akin to industrial products than food.

可以说，一些 UPF 更类似于工业产品而不是食品。

Eating upfs has also been linked to poor health more broadly.

吃UPFS也与更广泛的健康状况不佳有关。

Another recent study showed that eating fewer upfs was linked with lower risk of a number of cancers.

最近的另一项研究表明，少吃 upfs 与降低多种癌症的风险有关。

It is possible to eat well by selecting the right upfs, such as whole-grain cereals, which are often fortified.

通过选择正确的全谷物食品，例如通常经过强化的全麦谷物食品，可以吃得好。

That said, there is plenty of evidence linking many ingredients in upfs, such as sugar, salt, refined carbohydrates and saturated fats, to negative health outcomes.

也就是说，有大量证据表明，UPF 中的许多成分（如糖、盐、精制碳水化合物和饱和脂肪）与负面健康结果有关。

Government scientists at the American government's Agricultural Research Service showed it was possible to build a healthy diet with 91% of calories from selected upfs.

美国政府农业研究服务处的政府科学家表明，建立一种 91% 卡路里来自精选 upfs 的健康饮食是可能的。

Yet upfs are cheap, tasty and abundant, and for those on a tight budget or on specific diets, such as vegan, there are often few available alternatives.

然而，UPF 价格便宜、美味且丰富，对于那些预算紧张或特定饮食（例如素食主义者）的人来说，通常几乎没有可用的替代品。

By dialling up their flavours and palatability, upfs are engineered to be easier to eat in large amounts than whole foods (try leaving crisps at the bottom of the packet).

通过提高口味和适口性，UPF 被设计成比天然食品更容易大量食用（尝试将薯片留在包装底部）。

In his new book, " Ultra-Processed People" , Chris van Tulleken, a doctor and television presenter, argues that upfs dominate the food supply in rich countries, and are also creeping into diets in low- and middle-income countries.

医生兼电视节目主持人克里斯·范图勒肯 (Chris van Tulleken) 在他的新书《超加工人群》中指出，超加工食品在富裕国家的食品供应中占据主导地位，并且正在渗透到低收入和中等收入国家的饮食中。

The concept of upfs was devised by Carlos Monteiro, a Brazilian scientist, in 2009. His team of nutritionists observed that although people in Brazil were buying less sugar and oil, rates of obesity and type-2 diabetes were rising.

UFS的概念是由巴西科学家卡洛斯·蒙泰罗(Carlos Monteiro)于2009年提出的。他的营养学家团队观察到，尽管巴西人购买的糖和油减少了，但肥胖和2型糖尿病的发病率却在上升。