通用异步收发传输器（Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter，通常称作UART，读音/ˈjuːart/）是一种异步收发传输器，是电脑硬件的一部分，将数据由串行通信与并行通信间作传输转换。UART通常用在与其他通信接口（如EIA RS-232）的链接上。

具体实物表现为独立的模块化芯片，或是微处理器中的内部周边设备(peripheral)。一般和RS-232C规格的，类似Maxim的MAX232之类的标准信号幅度变换芯片进行搭配，作为连接外部设备的接口。在UART上追加同步方式的串行信号变换电路的产品，被称为USART(Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter)。

A universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter, abbreviated UART /ˈjuːɑːrt/, is one of many computer hardware devices that translates data between parallel and serial forms. UARTs are commonly used in conjunction with communication standards such as TIA (formerly EIA) RS-232, RS-422 or RS-485. The universal designation indicates that the data format and transmission speeds are configurable. The electric signaling levels and methods (such as differential signaling etc.) are handled by a driver circuit external to the UART.