科学统一论是某些科学哲学家对科学的一种看法，科学统一论主要认为所有的科学学科都形成一个统一的整体。

举例说，一般人认为物理学和社会学等都是明显不同的学科，科学统一论者却认为，各种学科的差异只不过是对同一件事不同层面的了解，所以原则上，社会学是可以用物理学的观点去了解的。

一般科学统一论者认为物理学是以最基础的概念去了解事物，化学的概念在理解层次上高于物理学，但一切化学概念都可以用物理学来解释，细胞生物学概念则高于化学，但是所有细胞运作都可以用化学概念去了解，大体生物学概念则高于细胞生物学，但一切对于生物整体的了解都可以用细胞生物学来解释等。

The unity of science is a thesis in philosophy of science that says that all the sciences form a unified whole.

Even though, for example, physics and sociology are distinct disciplines, the thesis of the unity of science says that in principle they must be part of a unified intellectual endeavor, science. The unity of science thesis is usually associated with the view of levels of organization in nature, where physics is the most basic, chemistry the level above physics, biology above chemistry, sociology above biology, and so forth. Further, cells, organisms, and cultures are all biological, but they represent three different levels of biological organization.