一位论派（英语：unitarianism；或称一神论派、神体一位论、唯一神论、独神论、一位论、独神主义），是否认三位一体和基督的神性的基督教派别。此派别强调上帝只有一位，并不如传统基督教相信上帝由三个位格（即圣父、圣子和圣灵）组成。由于「三位一体」这词并没有在《圣经》上出现，三位一体论只是通过根据经文的上下文及前后联系推理，到公元四世纪后的大公会议才确立，是故受到一位论派所质疑。早在尼西亚会议中，主张上帝只是一位和耶稣不具有完全的神性的论调（由阿里乌派提出）就曾被教会定为异端。

直到宗教改革时期，强调《圣经》为信仰的唯一根据，再次提倡“一位论”。但随即遭到天主教会反对，而新教的主要改革家马丁·路德、加尔文和慈运理等都加以反对。当时，任何人如果支持“一位论”都会被迫害，有支持者曾因此而被捕、遭囚禁和处死。16世纪至17世纪，有组织的一神论派运动出现于匈牙利和波兰，之后传到英国、美国和其他地方。其中支持“一位论”的著名神学家有西班牙的塞尔维特、波兰的索西尼、英国的比德勒和林西、法国的普利斯特里等人。

Unitarianism is historically a Christian theological movement named for the affirmation that God is one entity, in direct contrast to Trinitarianism, which defines God as three persons in one being. Traditional Unitarians maintain that Jesus of Nazareth is in some sense the "son" of God (as all humans are children of the Creator), but that he is not the one God himself. They may believe that he was inspired by God in his moral teachings and can thus be considered a savior, but all Unitarians perceive Christ as human rather than a Deity. Unitarianism is also known for the rejection of several other Western Christian doctrines, including the soteriological doctrines of original sin and predestination, and, in more recent history, biblical inerrancy. Unitarians in previous centuries accepted the doctrine of punishment in an eternal hell, but few do today.