背包问题（Knapsack problem）是一种组合优化的NP完全问题。问题可以描述为：给定一组物品，每种物品都有自己的重量和价格，在限定的总重量内，我们如何选择，才能使得物品的总价格最高。问题的名称来源于如何选择最合适的物品放置于给定背包中。

相似问题经常出现在商业、组合数学，计算复杂性理论、密码学和应用数学等领域中。

也可以将背包问题描述为决定性问题，即在总重量不超过W的前提下，总价值是否能达到V？

The knapsack problem or rucksack problem is a problem in combinatorial optimization: Given a set of items, each with a weight and a value, determine the number of each item to include in a collection so that the total weight is less than or equal to a given limit and the total value is as large as possible. It derives its name from the problem faced by someone who is constrained by a fixed-size knapsack and must fill it with the most valuable items.