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单词 Type II supernova
释义

Type II supernova

中文百科

II型超新星

超新星1987 A爆炸后的残骸,它是在大麦哲伦星系的一颗Ⅱ型超新星。 图片来源:NASA 。
在核心塌缩之前,演化中的恒星一层层的结构像颗巨型的洋葱(未依照比例)。图中构成物由外层起始乃氢、氦、碳、氖、氧、硅、铁。

一颗大质量恒星在核心的演化 (a)元素以像洋葱状的壳层进行核融合,直到形成铁核 (b) 质量达到钱德拉塞卡极限,核心开始塌缩。核心的内部被压缩形成中子(c),造成掉落的物质反弹(d) 和形成像外传播的冲激波(红色)。震波开始隔绝(e),但是它经由微中子的交互作用恢复生气。周围的物质被摧毁并离开(f),仅留下简并后的残骸。
这张图是光度(相对于太阳)对时间的函数,显示出Ⅱ-L超新星和Ⅱ-P超新星的光度曲线特征。

Ⅱ型超新星(罗马数字,不是两个英文I),也称为核塌缩超新星,是大质量恒星由内部塌缩引发剧烈爆炸的的结果,在分类上是激变变星的一个分支。能造成内部塌缩的恒星,质量至少是太阳质量的9倍。

大质量恒星由核融合产生能量,与太阳不同的是,这些恒星的质量能够合成原子量比氢和氦更重的元素,恒星的演化供应和保存质量更大的核融合燃料,直到铁元素被制造出来。但是铁的核融合不能产生能量来支撑恒星,所以核心的质量改由电子简并压力来支撑。这种压力来自属于费米子的电子,在恒星被压缩时不能在原子核内拥有相同的能量状态。(参考包立不兼容原理)

英语百科

Type II supernova II型超新星

The expanding remnant of SN 1987A, a Type II-P supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud. NASA image.
The onion-like layers of a massive, evolved star just before core collapse. (Not to scale.)
 Within a massive, evolved star (a) the onion-layered shells of elements undergo fusion, forming a nickel-iron core (b) that reaches Chandrasekhar-mass and starts to collapse. The inner part of the core is compressed into neutrons (c), causing infalling material to bounce (d) and form an outward-propagating shock front (red). The shock starts to stall (e), but it is re-invigorated by neutrino interaction. The surrounding material is blasted away (f), leaving only a degenerate remnant.
This graph of the luminosity as a function of time shows the characteristic shapes of the light curves for a Type II-L and II-P supernova.

The difference in the shape of the light curves is believed to be caused, in the case of Type II-L supernovae, by the expulsion of most of the hydrogen envelope of the progenitor star. The plateau phase in Type II-P supernovae is due to a change in the opacity of the exterior layer. The shock wave ionizes the hydrogen in the outer envelope – stripping the electron from the hydrogen atom – resulting in a significant increase in the opacity. This prevents photons from the inner parts of the explosion from escaping. When the hydrogen cools sufficiently to recombine, the outer layer becomes transparent.

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更新时间:2025/6/22 11:54:33