For type I diabetes, insulin is the only treatment option.

对于1型糖尿病，使用胰岛素是唯一的治疗方法。

People with type I diabetes don't make enough insulin, and use exogenous insulin meaning an injection or infusion of insulin.

I型糖尿病患者不能合成足量胰岛素，而使用外源性胰岛素，即注射胰岛素。

But in type I diabetes, the immune system destroys the islets.

但在 I 型糖尿病中，免疫系统会破坏胰岛。

The researchers were hoping to transplant new islets into rats with type I diabetes to get them to start producing insulin again.

研究人员希望将新的胰岛移植到患有 I 型糖尿病的大鼠体内，让它们重新开始产生胰岛素。

See, people with Type I diabetes can’t make their own insulin, so they have to inject some if their blood glucose gets too high.

你看，I 型糖尿病患者不能自己制造胰岛素，所以如果他们的血糖过高，他们必须注射一些。

As it turns out, this specialized insulin could help treat Type I diabetes someday, and it’s all thanks to some fancy folding in the protein structure.

事实证明，这种专门的胰岛素有朝一日可以帮助治疗 I 型糖尿病， 这全都归功于蛋白质结构中的一些奇特折叠。

People with type I diabetes don't make enough insulin, so when they eat a meal—especially a meal with a lot of potassium— that potassium sits in the blood instead of being taken into cells, and this causes hyperkalemia.

一型糖尿病患者胰岛素分泌不足，所以当他们用餐后，尤其是餐内含钾较多时，钾会聚集在血中而不是被运输进细胞，这就造成了高钾血症。

That was a big deal on its own, but originally, the researchers also wanted to try transplanting clusters of the pancreas cells, called islets, into rats to suppress type I diabetes.

这本身就是一件大事， 但最初，研究人员还想尝试将胰腺细胞簇（称为胰岛）移植到大鼠体内以抑制 I 型糖尿病。

They took islets from the mouse pancreases grown in the chimeras and transplanted them into mice with type I diabetes, so the mice started producing insulin again and the disease was suppressed.

他们从嵌合体中生长的小鼠胰腺中取出胰岛，并将其移植到患有 I 型糖尿病的小鼠体内，因此小鼠再次开始产生胰岛素，疾病得到抑制。