十二铜表法，是古罗马在约前450年制定的法律，因为据说刻在12块铜牌（也有说是着色的木牌）上，故而得名。

公元前454年，罗马元老院被迫承认罗马人民大会制定法典的决议，设置法典编纂委员10人，并派人赴希腊考察法制，至公元前451年制定法律十表，第二年又补充二表。这就是著名的《十二表法》。因各表系由青铜铸成，故习惯上称作《十二铜表法》。这是古罗马第一部成文法典。公元前390年，高卢人入侵罗马，在战火中铜表全部被毁，原文散佚，现在只能从其他古代著作中略见梗概。

十二铜表法的内容分别为：传唤、审判、求偿、家父权、继承及监护、所有权及占有、房屋及土地、私犯、公法、宗教法、前五表之补充、后五表之补充等十二篇。十二铜表法颁布之后，就成为共和时期罗马法律的主要渊源。该法典对于贵族的权力作了一些限制。法典明文规定了奴隶主贵族的利益和维护私有制，保护罗马公民的私有财产。此外法典还禁止贵族与平民通婚。

According to Roman tradition, the Law of the Twelve Tables (Latin:Leges Duodecim Tabularum or Duodecim Tabulae) was the legislation that stood at the foundation of Roman law. The Tables consolidated earlier traditions into an enduring set of laws.

The Twelve Tables are sufficiently comprehensive that it has been described as a 'code', although modern scholars consider this characterisation exaggerated. The Tables were a sequence of definitions of various private rights and procedures. They generally took for granted such things as the institutions of the family and various rituals for formal transactions. The provisions were often highly specific and diverse, and lack an intelligible system or order.