涡轮轴发动机（英文：Turboshaft），是涡轮发动机的一种，利用燃烧室产生的气流带动自由涡轮输出轴功率，而不是喷气推力。结构上类似于涡轮旋桨发动机，但主要区别在于涡轮旋桨发动机排出的尾气还会产生一些残余推进力。另外对于涡轮旋桨发动机，传动系统的主减速器是集成在发动机上的，而对于涡轮轴发动机，则是分离开的。涡轮轴发动机多用于直升机、坦克、水翼船等。

最早由法国引擎制造商Turbomeca于1948年设计制造。

A turboshaft engine is a form of gas turbine which is optimized to produce shaft power rather than jet thrust.

In concept, turboshaft engines are very similar to turbojets, with additional turbine expansion to extract heat energy from the exhaust and convert it into output shaft power. They are even more similar to turboprops, with only minor differences, and a single engine is often sold in both forms.