对流层（英文：Troposphere）是地球大气层中最靠近地面的一层，也是地球大气层里密度最高的一层。它蕴含了整个大气层约75%的质量，以及几乎所有的水蒸气及气溶胶。

对流层从地球表面开始向高空伸展，直至对流层顶，即平流层的起点为止。对流层的上界随地球纬度、季节的不同发生变化。就纬度而言，对流层上界在低纬度地区平均为16－18 km，在中纬度的地区则为9－12 km，而在高纬度地区只有7－8 km。在高纬度的地区，因为地表的摩擦力会影响气流，形成了一个平均厚2公里的行星边界层。这一层的形成主要依靠地形而有所不同，而且亦会被逆流层的分隔而与对流层的其他部份分开。

The troposphere is the lowest portion of Earth's atmosphere, and is also where all weather takes place. It contains approximately 75% of the atmosphere's mass and 99% of its water vapour and aerosols. The average depths of the troposphere are 20 km (12 mi) in the tropics, 17 km (11 mi) in the mid latitudes, and 7 km (4.3 mi) in the polar regions in winter. The lowest part of the troposphere, where friction with the Earth's surface influences air flow, is the planetary boundary layer. This layer is typically a few hundred meters to 2 km (1.2 mi) deep depending on the landform and time of day. Atop the troposphere is the tropopause, which is border between the troposphere and stratosphere. The tropopause is an inversion layer, where the air temperature ceases to decline with height and remains constant through its thickness.