热带雨林（英语：Rainforest ）是地球上一种常见于约北纬10度、南纬10度之间热带地区的生物群系，主要分布于东南亚、澳大利亚、南美洲亚马逊河流域、非洲刚果河流域、中美洲、墨西哥和众多太平洋岛屿。根据世界自然基金会对各种生物群落的分类，热带雨林，或热带湿润阔叶林（Tropical moist broadleaf forest），亦可被归类为赤道低地常绿雨林（lowland equatorial evergreen rainforest），因此热带雨林又称赤道雨林。

热带雨林地区长年气候炎热，雨水充足，正常年雨量大约为1,750毫米至2,000毫米，全年每月平均气温超过18℃（64℉） ，季节差异极不明显，生物群落演替速度极快，是地球上过半数动物、植物物种的栖息居所。由于现时有超过四分之一的现代药物是由热带雨林植物所提炼，所以热带雨林也被称为“世界上最大的药房”。

Tropical rainforests occur in areas of tropical rainforest climate in which there is no dry season – all months have an average precipitation value of at least 60 mm – and may also be referred to as lowland equatorial evergreen rainforest. They rarely extend more than 10 degrees north or south of the equator are a sub-set of the tropical forest biome type that occurs roughly within the 28 degree latitudes (in the equatorial zone between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn). Within the World Wildlife Fund's biome classification, tropical rainforests are a type of tropical moist broadleaf forest (or tropical wet forest) that also includes tropical seasonal forests.