三叶虫（学名：trilobite）是节肢动物门中已经灭绝的三叶虫纲中的动物。它们最早出现于寒武纪，在古生代早期达到顶峰，此后逐渐减少至灭绝。最晚的三叶虫于二亿五千万年前二叠纪结束时的生物集群灭绝中消失。三叶虫是非常知名的化石动物，其知名度可能仅次于恐龙。在所有的化石动物中三叶虫是种类最丰富的，至今已经确定的有九（或者十）个目，一万五千多个物种。大多数三叶虫是比较简单的、小的海生动物，它们在海底爬行，通过过滤泥沙来吸取营养。它们身体分节，有带沟将身体分为三个垂直的叶。在世界各地都有发现过其化石。

Trilobites (/ˈtraɪləˌbaɪt, ˈtrɪ-, -loʊ-/; meaning "three lobes") are a fossil group of extinct marine arthropods that form the class Trilobita. Trilobites form one of the earliest known groups of arthropods. The first appearance of trilobites in the fossil record defines the base of the Atdabanian stage of the Early Cambrian period (521 million years ago), and they flourished throughout the lower Paleozoic era before beginning a drawn-out decline to extinction when, during the Devonian, all trilobite orders except the Proetids died out. Trilobites finally disappeared in the mass extinction at the end of the Permian about 250 million years ago. The trilobites were among the most successful of all early animals, roaming the oceans for over 270 million years.