战壕热（Trench Fever）是由五日热立克次氏体引起的传染病。

特征为突然发病：发热、头痛，肌肉、骨及关节痛，胸、背出现皮疹。经体表寄生虫在人群中传播。症状可发作一次，亦可以4-5天为间隔反复数次。患者多于2个月内恢复，但可再发，5%转为慢性。金霉素治疗可使症状消失而不复发，但患者仍携带立克次氏体并可使寄生虫受感染。

本病是第一次世界大战中的主要流行病，1915年首次描述，因而得名。第二次世界大战中曾在东线的德军中流行。

医学导航：病菌

细菌（分类）

gr+f／gr+a（t）／gr-p（c／gr-o

Trench fever (also known as "five-day fever", "quintan fever" (febris quintana in Latin), and "urban trench fever") is a moderately serious disease transmitted by body lice. It infected armies in Flanders, France, Poland, Galicia, Italy, Salonika, Macedonia, Mesopotamia, and Egypt in World War I (three noted sufferers being the authors J.R.R. Tolkien, A. A. Milne, and C.S. Lewis), and the German army in Russia during World War I. From 1915 to 1918 between one-fifth and one-third of all British troops reported ill had trench fever while about one-fifth of ill German and Austrian troops had the disease. The disease persists among the homeless. Outbreaks have been documented, for example, in Seattle and Baltimore in the United States among injection drug users and in Marseille, France, and Burundi.