伯川德模型（Bertrand competition）描述了一种竞争格局，即生产同质产品的寡头厂商可能并不总是以产量做为决策变量进行竞争，也可以以价格做为决策变量的竞争方式。

伯川德模型的结论十分简明，即均衡的结果将是价格等于边际成本。这一结论同完全竞争条件下的结果是一致的，而大大不同于古诺模型。伯川德模型的核心在于不同厂商之间产品是完全替代的，因此哪位寡头的定价更低，则哪位寡头将赢得整个市场，而定价较高者则完全不能得到任何收益，从而亏损。这种“赢家通吃”的市场竞争格局导致寡头之间竞相降价，直至价格等于边际成本——继续的降价行为意味着亏损。

Bertrand competition is a model of competition used in economics, named after Joseph Louis François Bertrand (1822–1900). It describes interactions among firms (sellers) that set prices and their customers (buyers) that choose quantities at the prices set. The model was formulated in 1883 by Bertrand in a review of Antoine Augustin Cournot's (1838) book in which Cournot had put forward the Cournot model. Cournot argued that when firms choose quantities, the equilibrium outcome involves firms pricing above marginal cost and hence the competitive price. In his review Bertrand argued that if firms chose prices rather than quantities, then the competitive outcome would occur with price equal to marginal cost. The model was not formalized by Bertrand: however, the idea was developed into a mathematical model by Francis Ysidro Edgeworth in 1889.