Tooth enamel is the hardest substance in your body, did you know?

你知道吗，牙釉质是人体内最坚硬的物质?

If you zoom way in, tooth enamel looks almost like the weave of a basket.

如果放大牙釉质，它与篮子的纹理非常相近。

Well now materials scientists have been able to figure out why—by mapping the nanostructure of tooth enamel.

现在材料科学家们通过绘制牙釉质的纳米结构已经知晓其中的原因。

It may soon be possible, the researchers argue, to use those protean cells to regrow a tooth's enamel naturally.

研究人员认为，很快就可以利用这些蛋白质细胞自然地再生牙齿牙釉质了。

They find that fluoride treatment can loosen bacteria's grip on tooth enamel. The study is in the journal Langmuir.

他们发现氟处理能缓解牙釉质里细菌的压力。这项研究发表在《朗缪尔》期刊上。

Stable isotopes in bone collagen and tooth enamel varies among mammals dependent on where they lived and what they ate.

稳定的同位素在骨骼的胶原蛋白或 牙釉质中因不同的哺乳动物而异这取决于它们住的地方和吃的东西。

At this point, you're also causing significant damage to tooth enamel as the bacteria break down sugar to produce lactic acid.

由此，当细菌分解糖产生乳酸时，牙釉质也会受到重大损害。

Tooth enamel is made mostly of calcium phosphate, and genes that code for proteins designed to bind to calcium were particularly busy.

牙釉质主要是由磷酸钙构成的，因此编码与钙结合蛋白质的基因特别忙碌。

From the start, tar, a black, resinous material, begins to coat the teeth and gums, damaging tooth enamel, and eventually causing decay.

从一开始，焦油，一种黑色的树枝材料，会覆盖牙齿和牙龈，损伤牙釉质，最终导致腐烂。

Tooth enamel is what we see on the outside of the tooth. The enamel of a damaged tooth can be replaced naturally.

牙釉质就是我们看到的牙齿表面的物质。坏牙的牙釉质可以自然更新。

It`s when the bacteria in your mouth feed on that sugar and make the acids that attack tooth enamel.

这是当您口腔中的细菌以糖为食并产生攻击牙釉质的酸时。

However, it makes the beverage acidic, which may cause erosion of your tooth enamel and promote tooth decay, according to North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension.

然而，根据北卡罗来纳州立大学合作推广中心的说法，它使饮料呈酸性，这可能会导致牙釉质侵蚀并促使蛀牙。

Even though tooth enamel is the hardest substance in your body, it can still be damaged, like if you grind your teeth, have cavities, or drink lots of acidic sodas.

尽管牙釉质是你身体中最坚硬的物质，但它仍然可以被损坏，比如磨牙、有蛀牙，或喝大量酸性汽水。

You may think the harder that your brush the more stuff you get off your teeth, but you're actually wearing away tooth enamel and that's not good, so brush softer.

你也许认为刷牙用力越大清洁牙齿效果就越好，但是实际上，你把牙表面牙釉质都刷没了。

To test their idea, Zohar and her team adapted a technique from human forensic investigations in which X-ray diffraction reveals the sizes of crystals in tooth enamel, which vary according to temperature.

为了验证他们的想法，佐哈尔和她的团队采用了一项来自人类法医调查的技术，在这项技术中，X 光衍射揭示了牙釉质中晶体的大小，而后者随温度而变化。

And in 2011, paleontologsts from China studied the tooth enamel of Gigantopithecus and found that it fed exclusively on C3 plants -- the ones that tend to grow in cool, humid forests rather than warm, grassy plains.

2011 年， 中国古生物学家研究了 Gigantopithecus 的牙釉质， 发现它只以 C3 植物为食——这些植物往往生长在凉爽潮湿的森林中，而不是温暖的草地平原。

It's claimed that enjoying a glass of white wine on a frequent basis can damage your teeth, because of the high acidity levels in white wine it can erode the tooth enamel more quickly than red wine.

结果显示，经常饮用白葡萄酒可能会对你的牙齿造成损害，因为白葡萄酒的强酸性对牙釉质的腐蚀速度可能比红酒要快。