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单词 Acoustic phonon
释义

Acoustic phonon

中文百科

声子 Phonon

(重定向自Acoustic phonon)

声子Phonon)是晶体中晶体结构集体激发的准粒子,化学势为零,服从玻色-爱因斯坦统计,是一种玻色子。声子本身并不具有物理动量,但是携带有准动量\hbar \mathbf{q},并具有能量\hbar \omega(其中\hbar为约化普朗克常数)。根据南部-戈德斯通定理,任何连续性整体对称性的自发破缺,必然对应一个零质量的玻色子。声子就是平移对称性被晶格的点阵结构自发破缺以后对应的玻色子。声子与电子的相互作用,是导致BCS超导的关键机制。

英语百科

Phonon 声子

(重定向自Acoustic phonon)
Normal modes of vibration progression through a crystal. The amplitude of the motion has been exaggerated for ease of viewing; in an actual crystal, it is typically much smaller than the lattice spacing.
Phonon propagating through a square lattice (atom displacements greatly exaggerated)
Dispersion curves in linear diatomic chain

In physics, a phonon is a collective excitation in a periodic, elastic arrangement of atoms or molecules in condensed matter, like solids and some liquids. Often designated a quasiparticle, it represents an excited state in the quantum mechanical quantization of the modes of vibrations of elastic structures of interacting particles.

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更新时间:2025/6/20 3:57:24