《阿Q正传》，中国近代作家鲁迅唯一的一部中篇小说。

写于1921年12月至1922年2月之间，最初分章刊登于北京《晨报副刊》。《阿Q正传》第一章发表于1921年12月4日《晨报副刊》的「开心话」栏，开头讽刺考证家的那些近似滑稽的写法。但鲁迅“实不以滑稽或哀怜为目的”，并希望写出“一个现代的我们国人的魂灵来”。第二章起移载「新文艺」栏，直至1922年2月12日登毕，以后收入小说集《呐喊》。

The True Story of Ah Q is an episodic novella written by Lu Xun, first published as a serial between December 4, 1921 and February 12, 1922. It was later placed in his first short story collection Call to Arms (吶喊, Nàhǎn) in 1923 and is the longest of the stories in the collection. The piece is generally held to be a masterpiece of modern Chinese literature, since it is considered the first piece of work fully to use Vernacular Chinese after the 1919 May 4th Movement in China.