While fish with jaws first appeared in the Silurian, they proliferated in the Devonian.

虽然有颚的鱼最早出现在 志留纪，但它们在泥盆纪大量繁殖。

The fish fossils were discovered at two sites in Chongqing and Guizhou, whose strata date back to the Silurian Period that began around 440 million years ago.

这些古鱼化石是在我国重庆、贵州等地志留纪早期距今约 4.4 亿年的地层中发现的。

It could not be otherwise, for in the Silurian age the seas contained at least fifteen hundred vegetable and animal species.

不可能不是这样， 因为在志留纪时代， 海洋中至少含有一千五百种植物和动物。

The period that came next, the Silurian, saw the evolution of armor in many groups of fish, all around the same time.

接下来的时期， 即志留纪，见证了许多鱼群的盔甲进化，几乎是在同一时间。

So armored fish came in a variety of shapes and sizes during the Silurian and Devonian, from tiny Heterostracans to massive Placoderms.

因此，在志留纪和泥盆纪期间， 装甲鱼的形状和大小各不相同，从微小的异类鱼到巨大的盾皮鱼。

By the Silurian Period, a genus called Sphooceras tried a different tactic: Instead of coiling its shell, it broke off the end of it.

到志留纪时期， 一种名为 Spooceras 的属尝试了一种不同的策略：它没有将外壳卷起来，而是折断了外壳的末端。

This is because scale trees were a type of plant called lycopods, which originated way back in the Silurian Period -- before seeds were even a thing!

这是因为鳞片树是一种叫做石松的植物，起源于志留纪时期——甚至在种子出现之前！

But as the Silurian gave way to the Devonian, a dangerous new competitive pressure entered the seas — the armored, jawed fish known as the placoderms.

但随着志留纪让位给泥盆纪，一种危险的新竞争压力进入了海洋——被称为盾皮鱼的有甲有颚鱼。

The newfound mobility of this group allowed it to diversify throughout the Silurian, and fast, as they were able to colonize new areas and take advantage of new niches.

这个群体新发现的流动性使其能够在整个志留纪期间快速多样化，因为他们能够在新的地区殖民并利用新的生态位。

Thus it turned out that the last year in England was the pleasantest. He was already old in society, and belonged to the Silurian horizon. The Prince of Wales had come.

事实证明，在英国的最后一年是最愉快的。他在社会上已经老了，属于志留纪地平线。威尔士亲王来了。

By the time the Silurian Period rolled around, tens of millions of years later, the two clades had diverged, each adapting a different way of breathing that ultimately set them down very different evolutionary paths.

数千万年后，志留纪到来时，这两个进化枝已经分道扬镳，各自适应不同的呼吸方式，最终使它们走上了截然不同的进化道路。

And it came from a layer of earth that dated back 420 million years, when the Silurian Period gave way to the Devonian -- a good 20 million years after Tortotubus first appears in the fossil record.

它来自可追溯到 4.2 亿年前的地球层，当时志留纪让位给泥盆纪——距 Tortotubus 首次出现在化石记录中已有 2000 万年。

And the results suggested that flying insects could have originated 406 million years ago, in the early Devonian -- and that the common ancestor of all insects lived a whopping 440 million years ago, in the Silurian period.

结果表明，飞虫可能起源于 4.06 亿年前的泥盆纪早期——所有昆虫的共同祖先生活在 4.4 亿年前的志留纪时期。