热力发电厂（英语：thermal power station或thermal power plant），简称热电厂，是由蒸汽作原动力的发电厂。水被加热，转变为蒸汽，推动蒸汽轮机运转，带动发电机工作，同时也做一些其他工作（如船舶推进）。当蒸汽通过轮机时，它被冷凝器冷凝，被加热它的场所回收，称为郎肯循环。

核电站和大部分火力发电厂（即燃烧化石燃料的发电厂）都是热电厂，全球大部分的电力都是来自这两种电厂。另外地热、生物质能以及小部分太阳能发电站也是热电厂。

另外有些时候热电厂一词指热电联产的电厂。

A thermal power station is a power plant in which heat energy is converted to electric power. In most of the world the prime mover is steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated; this is known as a Rankine cycle. The greatest variation in the design of thermal power stations is due to the different heat sources, fossil fuel dominates here, although nuclear heat energy and solar heat energy are also used. Some prefer to use the term energy center because such facilities convert forms of heat energy into electrical energy. Certain thermal power plants also are designed to produce heat energy for industrial purposes of district heating, or desalination of water, in addition to generating electrical power. Globally, fossil-fuel power stations produce a large part of man-made CO₂ emissions to the atmosphere, and efforts to reduce these are varied and widespread.