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单词 Thermal fatigue
释义

Thermal fatigue

中文百科

金属疲劳 Fatigue (material)

(重定向自Thermal fatigue)
Curva S-N representativa.
Curva S-N de un Aluminio frágil, se puede observar cómo la curva decrece y tiende a decrecer hasta llegar a rotura.
Resistencia a la fatiga para diversos materiales.

疲劳一词在材料科学领域, 意指对象因持续受到动态变化的应力而造成结构劣化。引起疲劳的动态变化应力通常远小于静态的极限拉伸应力或极限屈变应力。疲劳是渐进且局部的结构损坏过程,由于长时间日积月累而产生,所引起的破裂往往在毫无预警的情况下发生,可能直接导致事故(例如空难)的发生,因此相关的预防、检查、处理格外重要。

疲劳现象发生于对象反复受应力时,可大致分为三阶段: 若应力超过一定阈值,在高应力集中点会形成微小裂缝(应力集中点包括:表面刮痕、尖锐填角、键槽、缺口......等等)  ,接者,随着每次的循环应力,裂缝逐渐扩张。最后一旦裂缝达到一临界尺寸,裂缝将快速扩展,对象断裂。对象设计的形状会显著地影响疲劳寿命, 例如,方孔和尖角凹槽会提高局部应力,裂缝较容易产生。相反地,若改成圆孔和圆滑凹槽,裂缝较不容易产生。

英语百科

Fatigue (material) 金属疲劳

(重定向自Thermal fatigue)
Fracture of an aluminium crank arm. Dark area of striations: slow crack growth. Bright granular area: sudden fracture.
Micrographs showing how surface fatigue cracks grow as material is further cycled. From Ewing & Humfrey, 1903
S-N curve for a brittle aluminium with an ultimate tensile strength of 320 MPa.
Spectrum loading

In materials science, fatigue is the weakening of a material caused by repeatedly applied loads. It is the progressive and localised structural damage that occurs when a material is subjected to cyclic loading. The nominal maximum stress values that cause such damage may be much less than the strength of the material typically quoted as the ultimate tensile stress limit, or the yield stress limit.

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更新时间:2025/6/18 3:21:44