热引擎或称热机是能够将热源提供的一部分热量转化成为对外输出的机械能的机器。热机对外输出的机械能称为输出功。热机的工作模式一般可以简化为热力学循环的模型，热机的种类也按背后不同的热学模型命名，比如卡诺热机、迪塞尔热机等等。此外，按照热源或工作特性，也各自有约定成俗的名称，如柴油机、汽油机、蒸汽机等等。热机可以是开放系统，也可以是封闭系统。热源可以是使用煤的蒸汽炉，汽车发动机的燃烧室，也可以是太阳能的蒸汽炉，地热和核反应堆。热机分为内燃机和外燃机两种。

在工程学和热力学中，热机被简化为一个由高温热源T_H，工作系统和低温热源T_C（可以看作多余能量的排放处）构成的循环。热量由高温热源传递到工作系统中，一部分通过做功转化为机械能，另一部分传到低温热源。在热源和工作系统之间用来进行能量传递和转化的媒介叫做工作物质。

In thermodynamics, a heat engine is a system that converts heat or thermal energy—and chemical energy—to mechanical energy, which can then be used to do mechanical work. It does this by bringing a working substance from a higher state temperature to a lower state temperature. A heat "source" generates thermal energy that brings the working substance to the high temperature state. The working substance generates work in the "working body" of the engine while transferring heat to the colder "sink" until it reaches a low temperature state. During this process some of the thermal energy is converted into work by exploiting the properties of the working substance. The working substance can be any system with a non-zero heat capacity, but it usually is a gas or liquid. During this process, a lot of heat is lost to the surroundings, i.e. it cannot be used.