姬蛛科（学名：Theridiidae）又名姬蜘科、球蛛科，是蜘蛛目的一科。

体长雌性约5~8毫米，雄性约2.2~5毫米。

常结不规则网于牛棚，人的住所等处。母蜘蛛将梅核形卵包挂在网中。

蜘蛛毒一般是针对其猎物，对人之影响不大，一般姬蜘科蜘蛛并不危险(T. tepidariorum在内)，但其中亦有黑寡妇蜘蛛(Latrodectus sp.)。在健康成人中，死亡率不高，但人之体重越小黑寡妇毒之危险就越大。

黑寡妇雄蜘蛛在交尾完后，迅速逃离现场。惟因体差距极，雌蜘蛛一抖蜘网，其配偶极少能逃脱其魔掌而成了裹腹之物。黑寡妇由此得名。

Theridiidae is a large family of spiders, also known as the tangle-web spiders, cobweb spiders and comb-footed spiders, and the poisonous spider family. The diverse family includes over 2200 species in over 100 genera of three-dimensional space-web-builders found throughout the world. Theridiid spiders are entelegyne (have a genital plate in the female) araneomorph ecribellate (use sticky capture silk instead of woolly silk) spiders that often build tangle space webs and have a comb of serrated bristles (setae) on the tarsus of the fourth leg.