在数学和抽象代数中，群论研究名为群的代数结构。

群在抽象代数中具有基本的重要地位：许多代数结构，包括环、体和矢量空间等可以看作是在群的基础上添加新的运算和公理而形成的。群的概念在数学的许多分支都有出现，而且群论的研究方法也对抽象代数的其它分支有重要影响。线性代数群（linear algebraic groups）和李群作为群论的分支，在经历了重大的发展之后，已经形成相对独立的研究领域。

群论的重要性还体现在物理学和化学的研究中，因为许多不同的物理结构，如晶体结构和氢原子结构可以用群论方法来进行建模。于是群论和相关的群表示论在物理学和化学中有大量的应用。

In mathematics and abstract algebra, group theory studies the algebraic structures known as groups. The concept of a group is central to abstract algebra: other well-known algebraic structures, such as rings, fields, and vector spaces, can all be seen as groups endowed with additional operations and axioms. Groups recur throughout mathematics, and the methods of group theory have influenced many parts of algebra. Linear algebraic groups and Lie groups are two branches of group theory that have experienced advances and have become subject areas in their own right.